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1CDC. An ounce of prevention keeps the germs away. http://www.cdc.gov/ounceofprevention. 2000.

2CDC. Seasonal Flu Information for Schools & Childcare Providers. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/school/index.htm. 1996.

3CDC. Fast stats A to Z: Common cold. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/colds.htm. 1996.

4Scott E, Bloomfield S. The survival and transfer of microbial contamination via cloths, hands, and utensils. Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 1990;68:271-277.

5Ansari SA, Sattar SA, Springthorpe VS, Wells GA, & Tostowaryk W. Rotavirus survival on human hands and transfer of infectious virus to animate and non-porous inanimate surfaces. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1988;26(8):1513-1518.

6CDC. Vital health statistics, current estimates from the interview survey. 1994.

7Meers PD, Ayliffe GA, Emmerson AM, Leigh DA, Mayton-White RT, Mackintosh CA, Stronge JL. Report on the national survey of infection in hospitals. Journal of Hospital Infection, Supplement. 1981;2:1-11.

8USDA. Foodborne Illness Cost Calculator . http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/Foodborneillness/. 2002.

9Ohlund LS, Ericcson KB. Elementary school achievement and absence due to illness. Journal of General Psychology. 1994;155:409-421.

10Guinan ME, McGuckin-Guinan M, Sevareid A. Who washes hands after using the bathroom? American Journal of Infection Control. 1997;24(5):424-425.

11American Society of Microbiology & The Soap and Detergent Association 2007 Handwashing Survey. http://www.cleaning101.com/newsroom/2007_survey/handhygiene/keyfindings.cfm.

12Brantley PJ, Mosely TH, Bruce BK, McKnight GT, Jones GN. Efficacy of behavioral management and patient education on vascular access cleansing compliance in hemodialysis patients. Health Psychology. 1990; 9(1): 103-113.

13Conly J, Hill S, Ross J, Lertzman J, Louie T. Handwashing practices in an intensive care unit: The effects of an educational program and its relationship to infection rates. American Journal of Infection Control. 1989;17(6):330-339.

14Matser D, Longe SH, Dickson H. Scheduled hand washing in an elementary school population. Family Medicine. 1997;29(5):336-339.

15Hammond B, Ali Y, Fendler E, Dolan M, & Donovan S. Effect of hand sanitizer use on elementary school absenteeism. American Journal of Infection Control. 2000;28:340-346.

16Day R, St. Arnaud S, Monsma M. Effectiveness of a handwashing program. Clinical Nursing Research. 1993;2(1):24-40.

17CDC. Ounce of Prevention Campaign [April 24, 2008]. http://www.cdc.gov/ounceofprevention/.

18CDC. Human Parainfluenza Viruses (Common cold and croup). http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/respiratory/hpivfeat.htm.

19CDC. National Vital Statistics Report [CDC April 2009] Volume 57, Number 14 Deaths: Final Data for 2006 . http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf.

20CDC. Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Children: National Health Interview Survey, 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/children.htm.

 
School Network for Absenteeism Prevention. Established 2003. The information contained in this Web site was compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and The Soap and Detergent Association. This information is not copyrighted. It is for educational purposes only.
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